Nutrition and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 🍏
🚩Please note that this is not intended as medical advice. This article is for general education and understanding of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and nutrition. Everyone should always discuss health issues with a doctor first.
🚩Before considering starting the diet, the blood profile should be investigated professionally from a doctor. To start the ketogenic diet, the person needs to have specific health conditions and a specific blood profile.
🚩The whole process of the diet should be arranged and monitored professionaly and should not be done under uncontrolled, personal monitoring!
🚩A diet like this should not be done for a long period of time or permanently. It just serves as a potentially treatment which should be professionally supervised.
Nutrition has a big impact on the development and the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this article I explain the ketogenic diet and its impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. 🍏
1. What are atherosclerotic, cardiovascular diseases?
• Pathological process in the coronaly artieries, cerebral arteries, lilac and femoral arteries and aorta that is responsible for coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease.
• Mostly chronic disease which requires lifelong therapy.
• Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term comprising of a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
• Most important and most frequent disease is the atherosclerosis which leads to Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke and peripheral occlusive disease.
• Beside mental disorders, coronary heart diseases are the most important group of chronic diseases that lead to harm the health of people worldwide. Lots of deaths caused by this disasese could be prevent.
2. Cause of atherosclerotic, cardiovascular disease
• Atherosclerosis can begin in childhood as an accumulation of fatty streaks-lipids in the intima of the arteries. This can become worse in adulthood. In some people, lipid accumulation is more pronounced with time and the accumulated lipid becomes covered by a fibrous plaque. They can disturb blood flow.
• Thrombosis
• Diabetics and obesity
• Inflammation
• Vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) & lipid oxidation which leads to endothelial dysfunction.
• Hypertension
• High blood pressure
• Excessive sodium intake and excessively high serum LDL liporotein levels
• Risk factors are smoking, less physical activity, stress, depression, obesity, alcohol consumption, chronic stress, a poor diet, lack of vitamin D and wrong nutrition.
• Abnormalities in the main components of blood lipid profile
• High total cholesterol is one of the risk factors for CVD
• HDL is „good cholesterol“ → the correct amount of it has beneficial effects. Too much and too less of it has bad effects
• Hight trigliceriny levels increase CVD risk.
3. Ketogenic diet
• Ketogenic diet is a remarkable approach in prevention and treatment of CVD.
• Correct use of the keto diet should be prescribed and monitored by a doctor
• In ketogenic diet the main source of energy comes from fat (circa 80-90%) and protein (10- 20%), carbohydrates should be consumed rarely (less than 50g/day). This distinguishes the diet from other diets where the main source of energy comes from glucose.
• It can be consumed: High-fat fish, nuts, seeds, green salads, fiber-rich vegetables, vegetable cabbage, dairy products, vegetable oils (rich in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids), soft fruits and fatty fruits, fruits such as avocado. Low-carb pasta, rice and protein bread
• How ketogenic diet works: In this diet, the body is supplied with very few to no carbohydrates, so that it begins to obtain energy from fat. The fat produces ketone bodies which places the body in the stage of ketosis. → This has anti inflammatory effects
4. Effects of ketogenic dieat on atherosclerotic, cardiovascular diseases
• Diet is a key factor in the development of this disease
• Ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile
• Shows strong anti-inflammatory & cardioprotective potential which is because of the anti infammatory properties of the state of ketosis, elimination of simple sugars, restiriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acidy.
• Ketone body influences gene expression & improving mitochondrial function.
• A diet rich in vegetables and fruits may help to reduce inflammation as they are a rich source of antioxidants. Keto diet reduces HbA1c (hemoglobin) in the blood
• Ketone bodies provide „rescue fuel“ for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism.
• Ketone bodies effect the function of the vascular endothelium positive. Improving its function and inhibating premature ageing.
• Ketogene diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure, & other CVD risc factors and weight loss is a side effect.
• Ketone bodies can reduce ROS
• Diabetics and obesity can be a risk factor for CVD. The ketogenic diet can have a positive impact to prevent or reduce obesity and diabetics.
• Undesired effects: High consumption of animal fats is connected to the development of many diseases. If carbohydrates are avoided and the consumption of plant fats is increased at the same time, there appear to be regulatory mechanisms that prevent an increase in blood lipids and cardiovascular parameters, at least in the short term.
5. Summary
• Before considering starting the diet, the blood profile should be investigated professionally from a doctor. To start the ketogenic diet, the person needs to have a specific health conditions and a specific blood profile.
• The whole process of the diet should be arranged and monitored professionaly and should not be done under uncontrolled, personal monitoring.
• A diet like this should not be done over a long period of time or permanently. It just serves as a potentially treatment which should be professionally supervised.
• Ketogenic diet is a promising nutritional model in CVD prevention and therapy.
• Intake of fat source should mainly come from plant fat.
• Ketone bodies can have an impact on the myocardial metabolism und function. The heart consumes a lot of energy and has lots of mitochondria. They prefere fatty acids as the energy source for ATP. Ketone bodies are a very good energy source for ATP creation.
• It has beneficial effects on the lipid profile and can prevent other CVD risk factors.
• Strong anti inflammatory effect that interacts with cardioprotective properties.
• The effect on cardiomyocite metabolism and increased uptake of keto bodies in cardiac disorders means that ketone bodies are rescue fuel for the heart.
• Ketogenic diet in CVD prevention and therapy could contribute to improving health and reducing the risk of death among many millions of people worldwide.
• There is still more research nessesary to learn more about the processes and effects on a diseased heart that ketogenic diet influences.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26750181/
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-48035-9_7
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3368?trk=public_post_main-feed-card-text
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